Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi[1] (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. A pioneer of satyagraha, or resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience — a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence — Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.Gandhi is often referred to as Mahatma ([m??a?t?ma?]; Sanskrit: ??????? mahatma or
"Great Soul," an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore).In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: ????, bapu or "Father") and officially honoured as the Father of the Nation. His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.
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